On January 1st 2005, countries, which were yet to grant patents for pharmaceutical products, such as India, opened the mailbox, started examining the pending patent applications - together with other new patent applications filed after January 1st 2005 - to grant or reject patents in accordance with their own patentability conditions. Following the full implementation of the TRIPS Agreement in 2005 in India and the few other developing countries, access to new and essential drugs may be expected to become more difficult because of higher cost of producing (higher R&D Cost) and delivering medicines and also all new drugs may be subject to at least 20 years of patent protection. The apprehension is that 20-year monopolies will drive up the price of treatment in India and in hundreds of importing countries, and the world’s source of supply of generic HIV medicines may disappear. This note gives some answers on how to promote the pharmaceutical investments in the post TRIPS era and yet make them useful for common citizens around the world, including India.